What is Music? Fundamental Elements and Brief History

音乐的本质

音乐是随着时间的推移声音的有意组织。它是由基本线编织而成的复杂挂毯，将简单的振动转化为人类情感的通用语言。

1️⃣

节奏

及时组织声音。包括脉搏、节奏、重音和韵律。正是它让音乐不断向前发展。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Rhythm</work-title></work> <part-list><score-part id="P1"><part-name>Drums</part-name></score-part></part-list> <part id="P1"><measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>4</divisions><clef><sign>percussion</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <note><unpitched><display-step>C</display-step><display-octave>5</display-octave></unpitched><duration>4</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><unpitched><display-step>C</display-step><display-octave>5</display-octave></unpitched><duration>2</duration><type>eighth</type></note> <note><unpitched><display-step>C</display-step><display-octave>5</display-octave></unpitched><duration>2</duration><type>eighth</type></note> <note><unpitched><display-step>C</display-step><display-octave>5</display-octave></unpitched><duration>4</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><unpitched><display-step>C</display-step><display-octave>5</display-octave></unpitched><duration>4</duration><type>quarter</type></note> </measure></part></score-partwise>

2️⃣

旋律

一系列具有不同音高的声音，被视为具有意义的音乐理念。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Melody</work-title></work> <part-list><score-part id="P1"><part-name>Flute</part-name></score-part></part-list> <part id="P1"><measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>2</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>2</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><pitch><step>E</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>2</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><pitch><step>G</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>2</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>5</octave></pitch><duration>2</duration><type>quarter</type></note> </measure></part></score-partwise>

3️⃣

和谐

同时组合声音。包括伴随或支持旋律的和弦、进行和音调关系。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Harmony</work-title></work> <part-list><score-part id="P1"><part-name>Piano</part-name></score-part></part-list> <part id="P1"><measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>1</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type></note> <note><pitch><step>E</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type><chord/></note> <note><pitch><step>G</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type><chord/></note> </measure></part></score-partwise>

4️⃣

间距

声音有多低或多高。这取决于声波的频率。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Pitch (Low to High)</work-title></work> <part-list><score-part id="P1"><part-name>Piano</part-name></score-part></part-list> <part id="P1"><measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>1</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>3</octave></pitch><duration>1</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>1</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>5</octave></pitch><duration>1</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>6</octave></pitch><duration>1</duration><type>quarter</type></note> </measure></part></score-partwise>

5️⃣

持续时间

声音或沉默持续多久。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Duration</work-title></work> <part-list><score-part id="P1"><part-name>Piano</part-name></score-part></part-list> <part id="P1"><measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>4</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <note><pitch><step>G</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>16</duration><type>whole</type></note> </measure> <measure number="2"> <note><pitch><step>G</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>8</duration><type>half</type></note> <note><pitch><step>G</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><pitch><step>G</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>2</duration><type>eighth</type></note> <note><pitch><step>G</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>2</duration><type>eighth</type></note> </measure></part></score-partwise>

6️⃣

强度（动态）

音乐听起来有多响或多轻。例如：钢琴、强音、渐强。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Intensity (Dynamics)</work-title></work> <part-list><score-part id="P1"><part-name>Piano</part-name></score-part></part-list> <part id="P1"><measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>1</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <direction><direction-type><dynamics><p/></dynamics></direction-type></direction> <note><pitch><step>E</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>2</duration><type>half</type></note> <direction><direction-type><dynamics><f/></dynamics></direction-type></direction> <note><pitch><step>E</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>2</duration><type>half</type></note> </measure></part></score-partwise>

7️⃣

音色

声音的“颜色”。它使我们能够区分演奏相同音符的钢琴和吉他。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Timbre (Same note, different instruments)</work-title></work> <part-list> <score-part id="P1"><part-name>Violin</part-name></score-part> <score-part id="P2"><part-name>Trumpet</part-name></score-part> </part-list> <part id="P1"><measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>1</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <note><pitch><step>A</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type></note> </measure></part> <part id="P2"><measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>1</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <note><pitch><step>A</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type></note> </measure></part></score-partwise>

8️⃣

纹理

音乐声音或层次如何组合。示例：单音、同音、复调。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Texture (Monophony vs Polyphony)</work-title></work> <part-list><score-part id="P1"><part-name>Piano</part-name></score-part></part-list> <part id="P1"><measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>1</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type></note> </measure> <measure number="2"> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type></note> <note><pitch><step>E</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type><chord/></note> <note><pitch><step>G</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type><chord/></note> </measure></part></score-partwise>

9️⃣

表单

音乐作品的结构：A-B-A、主歌-副歌、奏鸣曲、卡农等。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Form (A - B)</work-title></work> <part-list><score-part id="P1"><part-name>Piano</part-name></score-part></part-list> <part id="P1"> <measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>1</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <direction><direction-type><words>Section A</words></direction-type></direction> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type></note></measure> <measure number="2"> <direction><direction-type><words>Section B</words></direction-type></direction> <note><pitch><step>G</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>4</duration><type>whole</type></note></measure> </part></score-partwise>

🔟

沉默

创造张力、呼吸和对比的活跃元素。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <score-partwise version="3.1"> <work><work-title>Silence (Rests)</work-title></work> <part-list><score-part id="P1"><part-name>Piano</part-name></score-part></part-list> <part id="P1"> <measure number="1"><attributes><divisions>1</divisions><clef><sign>G</sign><line>2</line></clef></attributes> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>1</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><rest/><duration>1</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><pitch><step>C</step><octave>4</octave></pitch><duration>1</duration><type>quarter</type></note> <note><rest/><duration>1</duration><type>quarter</type></note> </measure> </part></score-partwise>